When the kidneys cannot properly remove excess fluid and sodium from the body, fluid may accumulate in the tissues. This often results in swelling in the feet, ankles, or legs.

This swelling, medically known as edema, may appear as:

• Puffy ankles

• Tightness in shoes

• Visible swelling around the lower legs

Persistent swelling should be examined to determine the underlying cause.

5. Difficulty Concentrating

Kidney disease can affect oxygen delivery to the brain due to anemia or toxin buildup in the blood. As a result, some individuals may experience:

• Difficulty focusing

• Memory problems

• Mental fog or confusion

These symptoms may develop gradually and may be mistaken for stress or fatigue.

6. Muscle Cramps

Electrolyte imbalances caused by impaired kidney function can trigger muscle cramps, particularly in the legs. Low levels of calcium or imbalances in sodium and potassium may contribute to these cramps.

Frequent or severe muscle cramps may indicate that the body’s mineral balance has been disrupted.

7. Poor Appetite

Waste buildup in the body can affect digestion and appetite. People with kidney problems may experience: